Introduction to Turntables: 

The 21st century has witnessed an unexpected and significant resurgence of vinyl records. In an era dominated by digital streaming and portable music devices, vinyl has made a remarkable comeback.

This revival can be attributed to various factors. Firstly, vinyl offers a distinct listening experience, characterized by warm tones and a raw authenticity that digital formats struggle to replicate. Secondly, vinyl records have become highly sought-after collector's items, with limited editions and special releases creating a sense of exclusivity and value. Vinyl appeals to younger generations seeking a tangible connection to music, as they embrace the ritual of flipping records and admiring album artwork.

The Revolver Club has been at the forefront of the vinyl revival in India. From records to hi-fi, we have fostered a community of music lovers and record collectors from all across the country. Young vinylheads frequent our Mumbai and Bandra stores and #ExperienceVinyl locations nationwide, attending and curating weekly listening sessions.

There's something undeniably special about the appeal vinyl holds. The crackle of the needle, the warmth of the sound, and the actual physical ownership of the music all contribute to a unique listening experience that simply can't be replicated by digital formats.

But before you dive into the world of turntables, it's essential to understand what sets these iconic devices apart and how to choose the perfect one for your needs. From understanding the anatomy of a turntable to navigating the plethora of options available on the market, we're here to guide you every step of the way.

Turntable Glossary :

Let's start with a simple glossary to help you understand the components of a turntable. The image we've used here for your reference is of the Audio Technica AT-LP120X USB turntable.

• Spindle: Centralizes your record on the platter for playback. Some turntables include a space adapter for 7" singles with larger center apertures.
• 7" Adapter: Allows 7" records with larger center apertures to fit over the center spindle.
• Plinth: The base on which all the turntable components are seated. Materials vary, with some turntables having a reinforced plastic, MDF, or acrylic plinth.
• Slipmat: A round mat that sits on the platter, providing a soft surface for the record and preventing slipping during playback.
• Strobe Speed Indicator: A red light that shines on the platter's raised dots to indicate if the turntable is maintaining speed.
• Speed Selector: Controls typical playback speeds of 33 1/3 or 45 RPM, with some models offering an option for 78 RPM, such as the LP120X here.
• Platter: The circular rotating platform where your vinyl record sits during playback. Materials range from acrylic or metal to glass for better resonance dampening.
• Target Light: A light source for locating your record's tracks in darker environments.
• Stylus: Also known as the needle, it makes contact with the record grooves to extract the audio signal. Some feature an elliptical-shaped tip for higher accuracy.
• Headshell: Holds the stylus and cartridge in place, with many turntables offering easily interchangeable headshells for upgrades.
• Pitch Control: Allows users to adjust playback speed for tempo-matching and mixing records.
• Tonearm: Supports the cartridge and stylus assembly, relaying audio signals to the turntable's audio connections.
• Tonearm Lift Lever: Lifts the tonearm onto the record, ideal for those not confident in manual handling.
• Anti-Skate Control: Applies outward force to the tonearm to counteract premature gliding towards the record center, ensuring correct tracking and minimizing vinyl wear.
• Counterweight: Balances the tonearm, optimizing tracking force and reducing stylus and record wear.

What are the different types of Turntables and how do they work?

Belt Drive or Direct Drive?

If you're delving into the world of turntables, you've likely encountered the debate between belt-drive and direct-drive models. 

Belt-drive turntables operate using a rubber belt that connects the motor to the platter. This setup effectively isolates motor vibrations, resulting in smooth and precise sound reproduction. These turntables are favored by audiophiles seeking high-quality listening experiences due to their ability to minimize interference and deliver clear sound. Belt-drive turntables typically take a few seconds to reach full speed, but they offer consistent performance once running. Additionally, replacing the belt is a simple and inexpensive process when necessary.

Direct-drive turntables, on the other hand, have the motor directly connected to the platter. This design ensures more consistent speeds and higher torque, making them popular among DJs for scratch performances. Direct-drive turntables offer quick start-up times, with the platter spinning almost instantly upon activation. They also provide speed control, allowing DJs to adjust tempo for seamless transitions between tracks. However, direct-drive turntables may be more susceptible to motor noise, which can impact sound quality, especially for listeners focused on experiencing the nuances of vinyl records.

The decision between belt-drive and direct-drive turntables ultimately depends on how you plan to use your equipment and your priorities in sound quality.  Direct-drive turntables are the preferred choice for DJs due to their quick start-up times, ability to spin records in either direction without damage, and speed control features. 

If your primary goal is to enjoy vinyl records for personal listening pleasure, belt-drive turntables may be the better option. Belt-drive models typically offer superior speed stability, minimizing motor noise and providing a more immersive listening experience. With a well-isolated motor and heavy platter, belt-drive turntables can deliver pure, distortion-free sound, allowing you to fully appreciate the musical nuances of your favorite records.

Automatic, Semi-Automatic & Manual Turntables

One of the other decisions you'll have to make is choosing between manual, automatic, and semi-automatic models. Each type offers its own set of features and benefits. 

Manual Turntables :

With a manual turntable, you'll have to manually lower the tonearm onto the record to start playback and then lift it back into its resting position once the record ends. This hands-on approach appeals to many vinyl enthusiasts who appreciate the deliberate engagement it brings. Due to their simplified design, manual turntables often provide superior sound quality, as there are fewer components that could potentially interfere with the tonearm's tracking ability. Manual turntables are available in a wide range of options, catering to various budgets and preferences, making them accessible to both entry-level and high-performance users.

Operating a manual turntable requires some degree of manual dexterity and attention to detail, as users must accurately position the stylus onto the record groove. Users need to be present to lift the tonearm at the end of the record, which may not be ideal for those who prefer a more automated experience.

Automatic Turntables :

Automatic turntables automate the process of lowering and lifting the tonearm onto and off the record, making them ideal for users who prioritize convenience and ease of use. With the push of a button or lever, the turntable handles the entire playback process, from start to finish. These turntables provide a user-friendly plug-and-play experience with features like auto-off functionality, which helps preserve the stylus and prevent unnecessary wear on the record. The additional moving parts in automatic turntables can potentially compromise sound quality, as they may introduce vibrations or mechanical interference during playback.

Semi-Automatic Turntables :

Semi-automatic turntables offer a middle-ground solution for users who desire some level of automation without sacrificing the hands-on experience of manual operation. While less common than manual or automatic models, semi-automatic turntables provide a convenient option for users who value both convenience and control in their vinyl listening experience.

Built-In-Phonostage (Plug & Play) or External Phonostage?

When selecting a turntable, one consideration is whether it comes with a built-in phonostage or requires an external one. Turntables with built-in phonostages, often referred to as "plug and play" models, offer convenience for beginners and users seeking a simple setup. With a built-in phonostage, users can connect the turntable directly to powered speakers or a receiver without the need for additional equipment.

On the other hand, some turntables require an external phonostage to amplify the signal from the cartridge to a level suitable for playback through speakers or amplifiers. While this adds an extra component to your setup, it also provides the flexibility to choose a phonostage that meets your specific preferences and requirements.

While plug and play turntables are convenient for beginners or those seeking a hassle-free setup, higher-end turntables often do not include a built-in phonostage, offering more flexibility and customization options. Regardless of your choice, the option to add an external phonostage remains available

What features should I look for in a turntable?

Speed:

The number of revolutions per minute (RPM) that the turntable can produce: 33-1/3, 45, or 78 RPM. You will require the speeds that correspond to the records in your collection. The majority of turntables will run at 33-1/3 and 45 RPM. Some turntables are capable of operating at all three speeds.

Wow & Flutter:

Wow describes slow pitch fluctuations. Flutter is a term used to denote rapid changes in pitch. This is expressed as a percentage, with lower figures signifying higher performance.

Signal to Noise Ratio:

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compares the strength of a desired signal to the strength of background noise. The signal-to-noise ratio is defined as the signal power divided by the noise power. SNR is measured in decibels.

Tracking Force:

Tracking Force is the weight at which the needle sits on the record. To provide the best sound and avoid record breakage, the stylus must make contact with the record at the proper weight.

Setting up your Turntable 

Choose a stable and vibration-free surface: Place your turntable on a strong, level platform away from speakers or other vibration sources. This helps to reduce unwanted resonance while also ensuring accurate playback. Place a spirit level on your turntable's platter and adjust the feet or levelling screws until the bubble is centred. This gives perfect alignment and eliminates tracking and playback errors.

Tracking Force & Anti Skate: 

Tracking force and anti-skate settings may differ depending on the turntable model. For recommended values, consult the manual or the manufacturer's guidelines. Set the tracking force using the counterweight at the back of the tonearm.

This ensures that the stylus applies the right pressure to the record for accurate playback while preventing any damage. The anti-skate mechanism counteracts the record groove's inward push on the tonearm. Adjust it to the appropriate settings to avoid the stylus skipping or excessive wear on one side of the groove.

Balancing the Tonearm:

Move the tonearm sideways to a position over the record platter and hold it approximately level. Continue holding the tonearm and release the tonearm lifter, if present, so that the tonearm is capable of moving down to the surface of the platter.

Hold the tonearm level and loosen your hold so that you can feel if it is going to move up or down if released. If it feels like it will move up or down if released, hold the tonearm with one hand while slowly turning the counterweight with the other hand until it feels like the tonearm will stay level when released.

The counterweight may need to be turned clockwise or counterclockwise. Carefully release the tonearm but do not let it fall to the platter. If it stays level, it is balanced.

If it does not stay level, hold the tonearm with one hand and turn the counterweight slightly with your other hand until the tonearm stays level - parallel to the record platter and with the stylus above the surface. Move the tonearm back to the rest.

FAQs