Becoming Durga: Uma Dasgupta and the World of Dasgupta

In Pather Panchali (1955), Satyajit Ray builds Apu’s world around Durga, played by Uma Dasgupta with a natural ease that becomes the film’s emotional spine. The story of an impoverished family in rural Bengal is seen through Apu’s eyes, but Durga is the one who teaches us how to read that world.

Dasgupta came from a large, culturally inclined family in Kolkata, with no formal acting background. Ray was drawn to how she could express feeling without excess; casting her fit his neorealist leanings after watching films like Bicycle Thieves. Years later, Sandip Ray recalled his father speaking about her intelligence and how easy it was to work with her – a natural performer who could understand complex scenes quickly, and someone he felt would remain iconic on the strength of this single role.

Pather Panchali was made over nearly three years, with long pauses as Ray secured funding. Uma kept returning to Boral and stepping back into Durga. Her bond with Subir Banerjee shaped the sibling dynamic, and Durga in the rain - one of Indian cinema’s most reproduced frames - came from Ray asking her to respond naturally to the downpour.

Over time, Pather Panchali became part of the global canon, helping launch India’s parallel cinema, winning major prizes at home and at Cannes, running for months in New York, and landing in Sight & Sound’s 2022 list of the 50 greatest films. Inside all of that history sits Uma’s Durga: the first companion many cinephiles meet in Ray’s universe, a portrait of girlhood that is stubborn, flawed, protective and sharply observant.

What gives this another dimension is what she chose afterwards. Uma did not build a film career. She became a schoolteacher in Kolkata and stayed quietly proud of what she had done as a girl. She often said Ray never treated her like an amateur; he treated her like someone who could carry a world on her shoulders.

Uma Dasgupta may no longer be with us, but Durga still greets every new viewer who discovers Pather Panchali. She moves through the film with the clarity of a memory that refuses to fade, and reminds us why Ray’s work endures: truth, captured with care, outlives everyone who makes it.